# Quasi-continuous BN

In [1]:

from pylab import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


aGrUM cannot (currently) deal with with continuous variables. However, a discrete variable with a large enough domain size is an approximation of such variables.

In [2]:

import pyAgrum as gum
import pyAgrum.lib.notebook as gnb

#nbr of states for quasi continuous variables. You can change the value
#but be careful of the quadratic behavior of both memory and time complexity
#in this example.
minB,maxB=-3,3
minC,maxC=4,14
NB=300

In [3]:

bn=gum.BayesNet("Quasi-Continuous")
print(bn)
gnb.showBN(bn)

BN{nodes: 2, arcs: 1, domainSize: 600, dim: 599, mem: 4Ko 720o}

In [4]:

bn.cpt("A")[:]=[0.4, 0.6]
gnb.showProba(bn.cpt("A"))


## CPT for quasi-continuous variables (with parents)

Using python (and scipy), it is easy to find pdf for continuous variable

In [5]:

# we truncate a pdf, so we need to normalize
def normalize(rv,vmin,vmax,size):
pdf=rv.pdf(linspace(vmin,vmax,size))
return (pdf/sum(pdf))

from scipy.stats import norm,genhyperbolic
p, a, b = 0.5, 1.5, -0.7
bn.cpt("B")[{'A':0}]=normalize(norm(2.41),minB,maxB,NB)
bn.cpt("B")[{'A':1}]=normalize(genhyperbolic(p,a,b),minB,maxB,NB)
gnb.flow.clear()
gnb.flow.display()


P(B|A=0)

P(B|A=1)

## Quasi-continuous inference (with no evidence)

In [6]:

gnb.showPosterior(bn,target="B",evs={})


## Quasi-continuous variable with quasi-continuous parent

In [7]:

bn.add(gum.NumericalDiscreteVariable("C","Another quasi continuous variable",minC,maxC,NB))
gnb.showBN(bn) # B and C are quasi-continouous


Even if this BN is quite small (and linear), the size of nodes $$B$$ et $$C$$ are rather big and creates a complex model (NBxNB parameters in $$P(C|B)$$).

In [8]:

print("nombre de paramètres du bn : {0}".format(bn.dim()))
print("domaine du bn : 10^{0}".format(bn.log10DomainSize()))

nombre de paramètres du bn : 90299
domaine du bn : 10^5.2552725051033065

In [9]:

help(gnb.flow.add)

Help on method add in module pyAgrum.lib.notebook:

add(obj, caption=None, title=None) method of pyAgrum.lib.notebook.FlowLayout instance
add an element in the row by trying to treat it as plot or html if possible.
(title is an obsolete parameter)


In [10]:

from scipy.stats import gamma
# cpt("C") is NB x NB matrix !
l=[]
for i in range(NB):
k=(i*10.0)/NB
l.append(normalize(gamma(k+1),4,14,NB))

bn.cpt("C")[:]=l

def showB(n:int):
caption=f"P(C|B={bn.variable('B').label(n)})")

gnb.flow.clear()
showB(0)
showB(NB//4)
showB(NB*2//3)
showB(NB-1)
gnb.flow.display()


P(C|B=-3)

P(C|B=-1.495)

P(C|B=1.0134)

P(C|B=3)

### Inference in quasi-continuous BN

In [11]:

import time

ts = time.time()
ie=gum.LazyPropagation(bn)
ie.makeInference()
q=ie.posterior("C")
te=time.time()
gnb.flow.add(gnb.getPosterior(bn,target="C",evs={}),caption=f"P(C) computed in {te-ts:2.5f} sec for a model with {bn.dim()} paramters")
gnb.flow.display()


P(C) computed in 0.00096 sec for a model with 90299 paramters

## Changing prior

In [12]:

bn.cpt("A")[:]=[0.9,0.1]

gnb.flow.display()


P(C) with P(A)=[0.9,0.1]

## inference with evidence in quasi-continuous BN

We want to compute

• $$P(A | C=9)$$

• $$P(B | C=9)$$

In [18]:

ie=gum.LazyPropagation(bn)
ie.setEvidence({'C':bn.variable("C").asNumericalDiscreteVar().closestLabel(9)})
ie.makeInference()
plot(linspace(minB,maxB,NB),ie.posterior("B")[:])
title("P( B | C={0})".format(bn.variable("C").asNumericalDiscreteVar().closestLabel(9)));

In [19]:

gnb.showPosterior(bn,target="B",evs={"C":bn.variable("C").asNumericalDiscreteVar().closestLabel(9)})

In [20]:

gnb.showProba(ie.posterior("A"))


## Multiple inference : MAP DECISION between Gaussian and generalized hyperbolic distributions

What is the behaviour of $$P(A | C=i)$$   when $$i$$ varies ? I.e. we perform a MAP decision between the two models ($$A=0$$  for the Gaussian distribution and $$A=1$$  for the generalized hyperbolic distribution).

In [21]:

bn.cpt("A")[:]=[0.1, 0.9]
ie=gum.LazyPropagation(bn)
p0=[]
p1=[]
for i in bn.variable("C").labels():
ie.setEvidence({'C':i})
ie.makeInference()
p0.append(ie.posterior("A")[0])
p1.append(ie.posterior("A")[1])

x=[float(v) for v in bn.variable("C").labels()]
plot(x,p0)
plot(x,p1)
title("P( A | C=i) with prior p(A)=[0.1,0.9]")
legend(["A=0","A=1"],loc='best')
inters=(transpose(p0)<transpose(p1)).argmin()

text(x[inters]-0.2,p0[inters],
"{0},{1:5.4f}  ".format(x[inters],p0[inters]),
bbox=dict(facecolor='red', alpha=0.1),ha='right');


i.e. if $$C<13.2308$$ then $$A=1$$ else $$A=0$$

### Changing the prior $$P(A)$$

In [22]:

bn.cpt("A").fillWith([0.4, 0.6])
ie=gum.LazyPropagation(bn)
p0=[]
p1=[]
for i in range(300):
ie.setEvidence({'C':i})
ie.makeInference()
p0.append(ie.posterior("A")[0])
p1.append(ie.posterior("A")[1])
x=[float(v) for v in bn.variable("C").labels()]
plot(x,p0)
plot(x,p1)
title("P( A | C=i) with prior p(A)=[0.1,0.9]")
legend(["A=0","A=1"],loc='best')
inters=(transpose(p0)<transpose(p1)).argmin()

text(x[inters]+0.2,p0[inters],
"{0},{1:5.4f}  ".format(x[inters],p0[inters]),
bbox=dict(facecolor='red', alpha=0.1),ha='left');


ie. with $$p(A)=[0.4,0.6]$$, if $$C<7.8462$$ then $$A=1$$ else $$A=0$$.

In [ ]: